API encryption: Key element for business data security

API encryption is a subset of data encryption, which is the general term for converting data into a secret code using mathematical algorithms. It can be applied to data at rest (stored on a device or a server) or data in transit (transferred over a network or Internet). It directs to data encryption for data in transit between mobile and web applications or software that use APIs. 

It ensures that the data sent and received by the applications is protected from unauthorized access or modification. The API encryption involves two steps: 

1. Encryption: The transformation of the data into a secret code using the recipient's public key. 
2. Decryption: The transformation of the secret code back into the original data using the recipient's private key.

For example, suppose ABC company wants to send a piece of information to XYZ company using an API. ABC will encrypt it using XYZ’s public key and send the encrypted data over the network. XYZ receives the encrypted data and decrypts it using his private key. XYZ company can now access the original information from ABC. 

API encryption involves several components and protocols that work together to ensure data security. Some of the key components and protocols are:

• API endpoints are the URLs that specify where the data is sent and received. For example, https://api.example.com/users is an API endpoint that handles user data.
• API requests and responses are the messages that contain the data and the API instructions. For example, a GET request is used to retrieve data from an API, while a POST request is used to send data to an API.
• API headers are the metadata that provides additional information about the API requests and responses, such as the content type, the authorization, and the encryption method.
• API keys are the unique identifiers that authenticate the applications that use the API. For example, x-api-key:abc123 is an API header that contains the API key for the application.
• API certificates are the digital documents that verify the identity and the validity of the applications that use the API. For example, x-api-certificate: xyz789 is an API header that contains the API certificate for the application.
• HTTPS is the protocol that secures the communication between the applications and the API endpoints. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt the data before sending it over the network.
• TLS is the protocol that provides the encryption and decryption mechanism for HTTPS. Transport Layer Security uses public-key cryptography to establish a secure connection between the applications and the API endpoints.
• JWE is the format that defines how to encrypt and decrypt data using JSON. JSON Web Encryption is a standard that specifies how to represent encrypted data as a JSON object.
• JWT or JSON web token is the format that defines how to encode and decode data using JSON. It is a standard that specifies a particular format to represent data as a JSON object that can be signed and verified.

API encryption addresses the growing need for secure data exchange in an interconnected virtual world, helping businesses secure sensitive data, comply with necessary regulations, and maintain their stakeholders’ trust. Here are the significant importance of opting for API encryption for your business:

• Data protection: API encryption ensures that sensitive data such as sign-in details, financial data, personal information, and other business data are encrypted during data in transit. Encryption makes the data unreadable to anyone who intercepts it without the decryption key. 
• Protecting intellectual property: API encryption helps safeguard these assets for businesses that rely on proprietary algorithms, processes, or other intellectual property. It adds an extra layer of defense against unwanted access and theft of critical business data.
• Securing interactions with third-party services: Many businesses rely on third-party services, platforms, or applications to enhance their functionality. API encryption ensures that data shared with these third parties remains confidential and secure, preventing potential vulnerabilities in the overall system.
• Integrity of data: In addition to confidentiality, API encryption helps ensure the integrity of data during transmission. It prevents unauthorized parties from altering or manipulating the data as it travels between different systems, maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the information.
• Mitigating insider threats: API encryption not only protects against external threats but also helps mitigate risks from insider threats. It ensures that even if someone within the organization tries to misuse or access sensitive data improperly, the information remains encrypted and secure.
• Compliance with regulations: Regulatory frameworks like the GDPR impose stringent requirements on data security. API encryption handles regulated data to avoid hefty legal repercussions on your business. Some best practices of API encryptions you can follow for better results are data anonymization, secure authentication, data protection with API encryption, and audit trails.

There are several encryption methods to secure your business data transmission via API. You have to choose depending on factors like the level of security required, the type of data being transmitted, and the specific use case. Here are some common API encryption techniques:

• Transport Layer Security (TLS): It is a widely accepted protocol used to secure the communication between network systems. TLS secures the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged between systems. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a common implementation of TLS for securing communication over the web. HTTPS encrypts data during transmission, making it challenging for unauthorized stakeholders to intercept or tamper with the information or data.
• Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): The AES symmetric encryption algorithm is extensively used in securing data. It operates on blocks of data and can support key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits. Many APIs use AES to encrypt the payload of data transmitted between systems. It offers a high level of security and efficiency.
• RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman): It uses a pair of public and private keys that have an asymmetric encryption algorithm to protect your data. It is often used for key exchange and digital signatures. In API encryption, RSA is used to establish a secure channel by exchanging a symmetric key securely using asymmetric encryption.
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC): ECC is another asymmetric encryption algorithm that is known for its efficiency and strong security. It is often used in situations where computational resources are limited. Similar to RSA, ECC can be used for key exchange in API encryption scenarios.
• Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange: It is an essential exchange algorithm that permits two parties to generate a shared secret over an untrusted network. Diffie-Hellman key exchange is used in combination with symmetric encryption algorithms. A shared secret key is a crucial element in API encryption as it enables symmetric encryption between the server and the client.
• JSON Web Encryption (JWE): It is a standard for encrypting JSON data. It specifies how to encrypt the payload, providing a way to transmit JSON objects securely. JWE can be used in API scenarios where JSON data needs to be encrypted before transmission.
• HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code): It is a method for affirming the integrity and authenticity of data or information using a cryptographic hash function and a secret key. In API security, HMAC can be used to ensure that the transmitted data has not been tampered with during transit.
• Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS): It ensures that even if a long-term secret key is compromised, past communications remain secure. It involves generating unique session keys for each session. Many modern protocols and implementations, including TLS, aim to provide perfect forward secrecy.

1. PayPal 

It is an international online payment platform that permits users to send and receive money, make purchases, and manage their finances. It uses APIs to connect with various merchants, banks, and other payment providers and to process millions of transactions every day. PayPal uses API encryption to secure the data transmission between its applications and its API endpoints and to protect the sensitive information of its users and partners, such as personal details, financial transactions, and account credentials. It utilizes JSON web encryption (JWE) and transport layer security (TLS) to encrypt the business data at the application layer and transmission layer, respectively. PayPal uses JWT to encode and sign the data and verify the identity and authenticity of the applications that use its application programming interfaces (APIs).

2. Netflix 

It is a global online/virtual entertainment platform that allows viewers to watch millions of movies, shows, and documentaries. It uses APIs to connect with various studios, networks, and other content providers and to deliver high-quality and diverse content to its users. Netflix uses API encryption to secure the data transmission between its applications and its API endpoints and to protect the quality and the variety of its content and its users, such as video streams, subtitles, and recommendations. It uses TLS to encrypt the data at the transport layer and JWE to encrypt the data at the application layer. It also uses JSON web token (JWT) to encode and sign the data and verify the identity and authenticity of the applications that use its APIs.

As businesses are more dependent on APIs for seamless data transmission, the an imperative for effective security measures. API encryption, including methods such as transport layer security (TLS), advanced encryption standards (AES), and Rivet-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), emerges as a connecting bridge for secure communication, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. Its importance extends beyond compliance, playing a pivotal role in fostering customers' and partners' trust. Industry big organizations like PayPal and Netflix exemplify the efficacy of API encryption in safeguarding diverse data types in their business.

For businesses seeking a trusted ally in API encryption, we stand out. Specializing in cutting-edge security protocols, Evoqins empowers businesses to fortify their digital ecosystems. Contact us to elevate your data security standards and navigate the digital landscape with confidence. Secure, streamline, and succeed with Evoqins as your partner in API encryption.